Читать онлайн книгу "JAVA 2021: лёгкий старт"
JAVA 2021: ????? ?????
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??????? ???? ???? ????? ? ???????? ????????, ??? ???????????????? ?? Java, ??????? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ?? ???? ???????, ??? ? ? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ??? ? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? ? ????? ???????????????? Java, ? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ?????????? ????? ????????????????.
JAVA 2021: ????? ?????
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??????????? ???? ???? ??????????
??????? ????????????? ???????,?2020
ISBN?978-5-0051-5483-5
??????? ? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????? Ridero
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??????? ???? ???? ????蠖 ???????? ????????, ??? ???????????????? ??Java, ??????? ????? ?????, ??? ??????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????? 15????, ? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? ??Java ???? ????ࠖ ???????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????. ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??젖 ???????? ?????? ???????, ??? ? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????????. ? ???????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????: ????????????? Skillbox, Udemy, Stepik, ??? ???? ???????. ???????? ??? ?????? ?????-???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????, ? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????: ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????????????? Java, ???????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????????.
??? ???? ??? ??????
??? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ????? ????????? ???????????????. ???????????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????-?? ????? ????????. ??????? ???? ? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????? (???? ??????????? ????????????), ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????. ???????????????堖 ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????. ʠ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????????????, ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? IT. ???????? ??? ????, ??? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ⠫???????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ?????????????, ????????????? ???????젖 ??? ????? ?????????.
???, ??? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ???: ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????. ??????: ????????? ????????????? ???????? Windows, ?2020????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????蠖 Java ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? Intel, ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??????? 4?????????? ??????????? ??????. ????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?? Linux ??? MacOS, ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA (??? ????? ???????????? ???????).
????? ??????????? ?????-?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????????????????, ??? ??????????? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ??????????????? ? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????.
?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?Π???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???. ?? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????????.
??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????, ??? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????. ????, ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????. ???????? ????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????.
?????? Java?
????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????????????????. ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? TIOBE (https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/ (https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/)):
Ƞ????? ?? ?????, ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????: Java, C, Python, C++, C#. ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????, ??? ???????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ?????-10, ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ????????????????.
????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ?????????, ???????? 10+ ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????, ?? ????? Ruby. ????? ????? ????????????, ??????, ??? ??????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??? ??????????. ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????, ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????-???? ?????.
10-? ????? Swift. ?????? Apple, ?????? ObjectiveC ??? ????????? MacOS\iOS (????? ??? Kotlin, ?????? Java ??Android). ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????? Apple, ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ʠ??????, ????????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????.
9-? ????? SQL. ???? ???? ????? ???????????, ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??? ??????. ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????.
8-????? PHP. ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ????????, ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ??????????. 80% ?????? ?????????? PHP. ????? ????? ???? ???????젖 ??PHP ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? (???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????). PHP ?????????? ????? ?????????, ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????, ??????????? ????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???-???????. ?.?. ??? ????: ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????, ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????1.
7-? ????? JavaScript. ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????????????, ????? ???????, ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????????? (????? ???????? ???? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????). ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ???????????????. ??? ????? ???? ????????? ??????: ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????, ????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??堖 ?????????? ?????????? ??? iOS, MacOS, Android, Windows (????????? Electron), ????????? ?????????? (????????? NodeJS). ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????, ??????? ????? ????????: ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????????, ????? ?????????? (?????????? ???????????? ????, ????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????) ?????????? ?????? ??䠖 ???? ???????? ??????! ??????????? ????? ????????????, ????? ??????? ??? ?????? 20???? ????? ?????? JavaScript?.
6-????? VisualBasic.NET. ????? ??????: ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????-10, ????????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???????????? ???? ????????????, ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? MS Office, ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????.
5-? ????? C#. ???????? ???? ???????????????? ????????????? (????????) ????????? Microsoft. NET. ???????????? ????, ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? Microsoft. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????, ?????? ?????? ????????????: ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???, ??? ??????????? Windows ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????. NET ????????? ??Java, ???????? ??????? ??? (???? ???). Ѡ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? Xamarin, ??????? ???????????? ????? ??????????. ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? Unity, ???????? ???????????? C#, ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ????????. C# ???????? ????? ???????????? ???, ?.?. ?????? Windows. ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ???????????, ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? C# ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????.
4-? ????? C++. ????? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???. ???????? ??????????? ???, ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ????: ????, ????????? ????, ???????. ???? ?? ?????? C++, ?? ??????? ???-???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????. ??? ??? ???????: ????? ??????? ???? ???????????? (??-?? ???? ??? ?????????????, ????????, Brainfuck) ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????????????, ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????.
3-? ????? Python. ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ????????????????. ??, ???? ???? ??λ: ????? ???? ?????? ????? (Flask\Django), ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????, big data, ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ??????? ???????. ????? ??????, ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????, ??? ??????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????? (???? ??? ???????? ??C ???? ??? ??????).
2-? ????? C. ?????? ????? ?????? ??????, ????????, ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??C++. ?? ??????? C++, ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????.
1-? ????? Java. ????? ??????? :). ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????. ????? ????? ??? Java? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????, ?? ?????? ???????: ??????? Java? ??? ???? ???????? ???????, ???????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????. ???? ????, ??? Java ??? ???????? ???? ????????????????, ???? ????? ????????? (?? C#?? ??? ???? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ????????), ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????????: ??????? ???????????, ?????????? ????????? ???? ????????. Java ?????????? ??????? ??????????, ???????? Yandex ?Google. ??? ??????? ??????????, ????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ???????. Ѡ????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??Java ???????? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ?????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????????. ??Java ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? Android, ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? iOS (??Objective C). Ƞ????? ???????: ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????, ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????-??????????????? ???, ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????????. ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??? (???? ????? ?????? ??????)?? ?????? ??? ??Java. ???????? ????????????? Java ???????? ??, ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????, ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??Java. Ƞ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?Yandex ????????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ??????????? ?????????
??? ???-???? ????????
????? ? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????. Ƞ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ?????? ????. ?????? ??????????? 21????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????????? ??-?????: ?????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???, ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????????????????. 2020????? ??? ??????? ??????堖 ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????. ??? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????, ???? ???????? ?????-???? ???????? ???-10.
Swift. ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? iPhone\iPad. ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????. ???????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???-???? ??Objective C, ?????? ??? Swift ??? ??????? ????? ???????????, ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????.
PHP. ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ??????. ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? WordPress\Drupal\Joomla ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??????. ?? ???? ????????? ???????????, ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??PHP (?.?. ??????, ?, ????????, ??????? ??? ?????????????? ???), ???????? ??? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????. ??????? ??? ???????? (????? ????????) ??????? HTML, CSS, JavaScript?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????????.
JavaScript. ??? ???? ????????? ?????????. ??????, ????? ????????????????: ?? ?????????? ??? HTML, CSS ?????? ?????? ?????, ???-??????????, ????????? SPA (single-page application). ?????? ???????: ?? ??????????? ?????? ????? JavaScript ??? ????????? ????????? ????? ??NodeJS?? ??????? ??? ????? ????????????, ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??C++/C#/Java. ?????? ???????: ?? ?????????? ??? HTML, CSS ?????? ?????? ?????? Adobe Flash (???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????????) ??? ????,?? ??????????? ???. ??????????? ??? ????????????? ????? ????? (????? ????): ?? ????? ?????? HTML CSS JavaScript, ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ReactJS ??????!?? ?? ?????-???????????,?? ??? ????? ??????, ??????????? ??????? ???????? (???????? ??? ?????! ??????? ?????? ????? ?IT ?????????? ????????頖 ????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????).
C#. ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? Windows. C 99% ???????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ASP.NET ??????? ?????, ?? ??? ???????? ??????? HTML, CSS ?JavaScript (???????? ?????). ?????? ???????: ?????? ???? ??Unity. ?????? ???????: ?? ???-?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????, ????????, ?????????? ????? ??????? Skype.
?++\?. ?? ??????? ?????? ???. ??????? ??????????????? ??????: ???????, ????????? ????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????, ??????? ???????????? ???????????.
Python. ??? ??? ??????: ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ??? ?????????蠖 ?????????? HTML, CSS, JavaScript. ?????? ???????, ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????????. ?????? ???????: ?? ?????????????, ???????? ???????.
Java. ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? Android ??????????. Ƞ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????????: ????????, ???????? ???????? ???????, ??????????.
??? ????????
????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????????? ????????????, ??????????????? ??????????????. ???? ???????? ????????? ???????, ????? IT ????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????????.
Junior (????, ?????)?? ???????????, ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????. ??? ???????? ?????ࠖ ??? ???????? ???????????, ?????????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????.
Middle (????????)?? ??????????? ???????, ????? ???????????. ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????????????.
Senior (??????)?? ????????? ????????????, ?? ????? ?????????? ????????, ?? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ????? ????????. ʠ???? ??????????????, ??? ??????? ??????????.
Architector (??????????)?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????????, ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????. ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????. ??? ??? ???????? ??????.
??? ???, ??? ????????. ??? ????????? ???????? ??????????????:
??????????ࠖ ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????.
?????????????????蠖 ??? ?????? ????????????, ??? ?????? (???? ????? ???? ??? ????????????, ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????)
???????????蠖 ????????? ????? ????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ?????堖 ??????? ??????????.
???? ???????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????:
?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??400?500????????? ??800?1000????????? ??????;
????렖 ??? ??1500???3000????????? ??????;
?????? ??? ?????????????? ??3000???5000?6000????????? ??????.
??? ???, ??? ????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ?Java ??????, ??????? ????? ????????? ????????? 800?????????, ?????? JavaScript ??????, ??????? ???????? 7000?????????. ???????? ?????????????-????????, ??????? ????????? ???10? ???????? ??????. ?????? PHP ????????????, ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??WordPress ???????? 2?000?000?????????. ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? ????? ???, ???? ??????, ???? ??????蠖 ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????. ????? ????? ?????, ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? +\? ????? ?????? ???? ????????.
???? ????? IT ??????ࠖ ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ??????, ???????? ?????????. ???????? ????? ??????.
??????I
????? 0. ?? ?????????????
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???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????, ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????, ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ??????????? ????????, ??????????, ???????? (!), ???????????, ??????????, ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ?????????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ???????? ????????, ??? ??????? ?????????. ???? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? (???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ????????). Ӡ????????? ???? ????? ???????????, ??, ????????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????????, ??? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? :)
???-?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????????, ???????? ????? ?????? ?????-???? ??????, ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? (??? ???? ?????????), ???????? ???????? ????????? (Instagram), ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? (???? ?????? ???????? ???????, ????? ?? ???????? ?????), ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????.
????????? ??? ??????? ??????????, ?? ??????? ???????????? ???????, ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? (?????????? ??????)?? ???????\???????, ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??????????. ?????????? ?????, ????????? ???? ???: ?????????? ????? (???, ????????, ??????). ????? ?????????? ????ࠖ ??? ???????? ?????? ??? VR-???? (?????? ?????????? ??????). ????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????, ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????????.
????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??????????: ????????? (??? ????????? ???????????), ??????????? ??????, ??????? ????, ??????????, ???????? ?????. ????????? ??? ????? ??????????, ?????????? ??????????????? ?????, ?? ????????, ?????????? ???????. ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????????, ????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????. ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ??????? ???ꠖ ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ????????? ????, ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????: ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? (??????????? ??????), ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? (??????? ????). ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????堖 ????? ?????????????: ?? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? :) ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????, ??????? ????????? ????????????.
??????????? ??Java ?99% ??????? ??????????????? (??????? ???????????? ?????????) ?????????, ???????????, ??????, ???????????, ??????????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ???????????? (?????? ?????????) ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????.
?? ????????????? ?????? ?????????
?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????????. ??? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????? ????????⠖ ???? ???, ??? ????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????, ??? ???????? ????????? ??????????. Ƞ??????? ???????\?????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????????? ????? ??????? 0??1, ??? ?? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????, ??? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????. ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????. Ƞ??????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ????????????????, ???????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????, ??? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ???????? ????? ???????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????, ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????. ????????, Fortran?? ??? ??????????? ??? ??????, Cobol?? ??? ??????????? ????????? ????????, Assembler?? ??? ??????????????? ???????????????? ?????????, BASIC?? ??? ???????? ??????????, Go?? ??? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????, PHP?? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???-??????. ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ???: Delphi?? ???????? Pascal, Java?? ???????? C, C#?? ???????? C++ ?Java.
??Java ????????? ???????? ??? ????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? C. ????? ????????? ??????????? ?砫??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????, ????? ??????????, ???? ????????, ???????????? ???????; ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????, ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????, ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? (??????????? ??????? ?????????????) ???? ??????????. Ƞ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ??????. Ƞ??? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????????? Java ???????????? ?????? Java.
??? ????? ??????????? ?????? Java ??? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? Windows\MacOS\Unix\?. ??????????? ?????? Java (Java Virtual Machine?? JVM) ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???????. ȠJVM ?????, ??? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????????, ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? (!) ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????????. ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??????? Java ??? ????? ???????? ???????????, ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ????????????, ????? ??? ????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???, ??????? ????? ???-?? ???????.
????? ????????, ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????? ??-?? ????????????. ????????, ??????????? ?????? JavaScript, ??? ???????? ????????, ???? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ????????, ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????. ????? ??????? ??JVM ??????????? ?????? Microsoft.?NET.
????? 1. ?????? ?????????
??? ????? ????????????????
???????????????堖 ??? ??????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ????? ????????, ??? ????????? ??????? ??????. ???, ??? ????????? ??????: ?? ????????? ???????. Ӡ???????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????, ??? ?????????? ?????-?? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????, ??? ???????. ????????? ????, ??? ????? ?????? ????????, ??? ??????????? ?????? ?????-?? ???????????? ???????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????, ??????? ?? ??????????, ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ????????? ?? ??????????. ??? ???????????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ????.
???????????????? ??Java ??????? ???????????? ??????:
??????????? ????????? ??????? Java ??????????
???????????????? ????????? ?????-??? (??? ???????? ??????????? ?????? Java) ???????? ?????????-???????????
????????????? ?????? ?????????? (compilation errors), ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????????
???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? Java.
????????????? ?????? ?????????? (runtime errors), ???? ?????, ??? ????-?? ????? ?????
???????????? ??????? 2?5????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????.
????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? (Notepad, Notepad++, Atom, Sublime) ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????, ?????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ??? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????, ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????. ????? ????????? ?????????? IDE (Integrated Development Environment)?? ??????????????? ????? ??????????, ???? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????, ???????????, ?????????? ??????, ??????? ?????????. ʠ??????, ??????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ????????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????.
???? Java-???????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? IDE: IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, NetBeans. NetBeans ????? ????? ???????????? IDE ????????? ?????. Eclipse?? ??? ?????????? IDE, ????????? ???????? ????????, ??????????? ????? ????????????. ???????, ?????? ????????, ??? ???????? ????????, ???????? ?? ??????? ????????, ????? ???????????? ?????? Eclipse. Ƞ??? ????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????? IDE: IntelliJ IDEA?? ?????? ?????? ??????? IDE ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??Java.
????????????? ??????????????????. ?????????????IDE
??? ??? ??????????????, ??? ?? ??????? ?????, ?? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? Java ???????? ?????? ??? ???????????? Java SDK. ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? IntelliJ IDEA, ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????.
??????? ??????https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/download/ (https://ridero.ru/link/yoOtCjKGYlq_bA)
???????? ?????? ??? ??????????: Ultimate (?.?. ??????, ?????????, ???? ???? ??????? ??????) ??? Community (???? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????)
????????? ??????????. ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????????:
????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????????:
?????? ??????? ??? ??????? IntelliJ IDEA. Ƞ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? (??? ????? ?????? ????????):
????????????? ??????? ?????????
????????????
???????? ??????? ???? (??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????)
? ?????? ?????? Ultimate, ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????
Ƞ??? ????????? ?????, ??? ????? ???????? ??Create New Project.
????? ?????? ???? ??????? Java, ??????? ?????? Project SDK: 11?(??? ?????? Java, ?????? ?????? ?IntelliJ IDEA), ???????? Next.
?????? ??????? Create project from template, ???????? Command Line App ???????? Next.
???? Project name ??????HelloWorld?(??? ???????? ?????? ???????) ?????????Finish.
??????? ????????????? ??????? ???? (?????????) ?????????? ????????, ??????? ??.??.
IDEA ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????, ???????? ?? ????? ????????????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?Tip of?the Day??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? Close.
?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????, ?????? ???????:
// write your code here.
???????????:
System.out.println (?Hello world!?);
Ƞ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????:
????? ???? ????????? ???????, ???????????? ?????? IDEA:
Hello world!
??, ??? ???????? ????: ?Process finished with exit code 0?, ????????, ??? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????-???? ????? ??????. ?????????? ????, ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????!
?????? ???? ???-?? ???????????? ??????????? IntelliJ IDEA ??? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????. ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ???????????: ?????? ?Google\Yandex ???? ?????????? IntelliJ IDEA?, ????????? Hello world ?IntelliJ IDEA? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ??? ???????, ??? ??? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?YouTube?? ?2020????? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????.
????????? ???????????? ????????????, ?????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????, ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????.
????? 2. ??????
???????????????堖 ??? ??????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????, ????? ?????????????? ???????. ???????? ???????, ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????蠖 ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ???????????ࠖ ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????, ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????. ?????????????? ?????? ???? ???-?? ???????: ???????? ??????, ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????????, ???????????? ??? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? (????????, ??? ????? ??????? ????????) ??? ??? ????????? ????????.
??????, ???????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ??????????. ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? (???? ?? ??????, ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? :)). ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? 0???? 1, ??????????? ???. ??????? ???????, ??? 8???? ??? 1?????. 1024?????ࠖ ??? 1?????????. 1024????????? ??? 1?????????. 1024????????? ??? 1?????????. ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????-, ????-, ????-?. ?????.
????????????, ????????? ??????, ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????. ??? ????, ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??????????, ??????????? ?????????? ???? ??????.
???? ??????
????????????? ????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????. ????????, ??????????? ?????, ??? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????? 77, ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? short, ??? ???????? ????? ????????. ??? ??????? ???????頖 ?????????????? ?????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?Java ?????????? 8???????????? ????? ??????:
boolean?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????;
byte?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????????, ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??-128???127?????????????;
short?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????, ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??-32768???32767?????????????;
int?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????, ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ??-2147483648???2147483647?????????????;
long?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????, ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?? 9223372036854775808?(-2????????? 63) ??9223372036854775807?(2????????? 63?????? 1) ????????????;
float?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????, ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??1.4?10
???3.4?10
;
double?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????, ??????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??4.9?10
???1.7?10
;
char?? ?????? 16???? (2??????), ??????????????? ?????? ????????UTF.
?? ????, ????? ????? ????????? ????? 77????????, ???????????? ?????????, ??? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? short, ??????????? ?????? Java ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????.
???????? ?????????? int ?float, ?.?. ??? ????????? ??????????? ????.
???????? ?????? ???? ??????: ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????????. ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????.
??????????
???????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ????. ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ??????. ?? ????????? ??????? (??? ????????? ?????? ??????????) ????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????-?? ?????? (??????????) ??????????? ?????? (??????????? ?????? Java) ???? ??? ??? ??????????. ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??????????? ???? ??, ??? ??? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????堖 ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????, ??? ?? ??????????.
????????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????:
int box1;
int box2 =?70;
box1 =?50;
int box3 = box1 + box2;
System.out.println (box3);
?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? box1 ????int.
???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? box2 ???? int, ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? (??? ??? ??????? ???????????? ????????????) ????????100.
??????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? box1 ???????? 50?(???????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? box1 ??????????????????? ????????? 50?). ???? ?? ????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????: ?????????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????, ???????? ??? ????????.
????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? box1 ?box2 ???????????? ????? ?????????? box3 ???? ????int.
????? ?????? ??????? ??????? (??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????????? ????????) ???????? ?????????? box3 (120).
??? ????? ????? ???????????
??? ?????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????-?? ????? ?????????? ?????-?? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???. Ƞ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??????????, ??????? ??????????, ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????, ?.?. ????? ???????? ??? ?????????????. ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? {}?? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????:
??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? (???????? ?????? ?????? ??????)
???????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? (???????? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???????????? ????????)
????????????? ?????????? ?????? (???????? ??? ?????, ?.?. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????????)
????? ???????????????? ?????????.
????? ???????????? ??? ???????.
?????????? ??? ????? ???????, ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=60973108) ?? ??????.
????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, ?? ????? ?????????? ????????, ? ?????????? ?????????, ? ?????? ??? ??? ???????, ????? PayPal, WebMoney, ??????.??????, QIWI ???????, ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????.
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